1. Phòng chống SQL Injection
# Prevent use of specified methods in HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(HEAD|TRACE|DELETE|TRACK) [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in the HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^.*(\\r|\\n|%0A|%0D).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in the Referer Variable of the HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^(.*)(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in any cookie associated with the HTTP Request
RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} ^.*(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal characters in URI or use of malformed URI
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/(,|;|:|<|>|">|"<|/|\\\.\.\\).{0,9999}.* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of empty User Agent Strings
# NOTE - disable this rule if your site is integrated with Payment Gateways such as PayPal
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^$ [OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in the User Agent variable
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC,OR]
# Measures to block out SQL injection attacks
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(;|<|>|'|"|\)|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%3C|%3E|).*(/\*|union|select|insert|cast|set|declare|drop|update|md5|benchmark).* [NC,OR]
# Block out reference to localhost/loopback/127.0.0.1 in the Query String
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(localhost|loopback|127\.0\.0\.1).* [NC,OR]
# Block out use of illegal or unsafe characters in the Query String variable
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|).* [NC]
2. Chống tấn công LFI
########## Begin - File injection protection
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} GET
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http:// [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+ [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+ [NC]
RewriteRule .* - [F]
########## End - File injection protection
- Bạn có thể thêm dòng sau đây để tránh trường hợp attacker mã hóa url
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http%3A%2F%2F [OR]
3. Chống PHP-CGI Remote Code Execution
# PHP-CGI Vulnerability
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(%2d|\-)[^=]+$ [NC]
RewriteRule (.*) - [F,L]
4. Chống MySQL injections, Remote File Inclusion (RFI), base64 attacks
# Block MySQL injections, RFI, base64, etc.
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=http:// [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=(\.\.//?)+ [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} [a-zA-Z0-9_]=/([a-z0-9_.]//?)+ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \=PHP[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12} [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\.\./|\.\.) [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ftp\: [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} http\: [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} https\: [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \=\|w\| [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)/self/(.*)$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)cPath=http://(.*)$ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*script.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|%3C)([^s]*s)+cript.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*iframe.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|%3C)([^i]*i)+frame.*(>|%3E) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_encode.*\(.*\) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_(en|de)code[^(]*\([^)]*\) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} _REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(\[|\]|\(|\)|<|>).* [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (NULL|OUTFILE|LOAD_FILE) [OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\./|\../|\.../)+(motd|etc|bin) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (localhost|loopback|127\.0\.0\.1) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} concat[^\(]*\( [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} union([^s]*s)+elect [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} union([^a]*a)+ll([^s]*s)+elect [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (;|<|>|'|"|\)|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%3C|%3E|).*(/\*|union|select|insert|drop|delete|update|cast|create|char|convert|alter|declare|order|script|set|md5|benchmark|encode) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (sp_executesql) [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]
5. Chống những người dùng nghi ngờ và các request bất thường
# Block suspicious user agents and requests
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (libwww-perl|wget|python|nikto|curl|scan|java|winhttp|clshttp|loader) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (<|>|'|%0A|%0D|%27|%3C|%3E|) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (;|<|>|'|"|\)|\(|%0A|%0D|%22|%27|%28|%3C|%3E|).*(libwww-perl|wget|python|nikto|curl|scan|java|winhttp|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} \/\*\ HTTP/ [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} etc/passwd [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} cgi-bin [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} (%0A|%0D) [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]
6. Ngăn ngừa tấn công xss
# Don't allow any pages to be framed - Defends against CSRF
Header set X-Frame-Options DENY
# Turn on IE8-IE9 XSS prevention tools
Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
# Only allow JavaScript from the same domain to be run.
# Don't allow inline JavaScript to run.
Header set X-Content-Security-Policy "allow 'self';
# prevent mime based attacks
Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
7. Chống DDoS với htaccess
Tấn công DDoS đến nay trên thế giới hầu như chưa có cách ngăn chặn triệt để 100%, tuy nhiên chúng ta có thể sử dụng tường lửa (firewall) để phòng chống & hạn chế một phần sức mạnh & tác hại của nó. Dưới đây là chi tiết hướng dẫn cách setup một firewall đơn giản nhưng không kém phần hiệu quả nhằm giảm thiểu "cơn giận" của "con quái thú" DDoS.
Bước 1: Tạo file .htaccess tại thư mục bị DDoS access/request liên tục (thông thường là các thư mục public_html, forum, diendan, 4rum, shop, blog, f v.v...). Nội dung file như sau:
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http(s)?://(www\.)?tendomain.com [NC]
RewriteRule !antiddos.phtml http://tendomain.com/antiddos.phtml?%{REQUEST_URI} [QSA]
Bước 2: Tại cùng thư mục, tạo file antiddos.phtml với nội dung:
$text=$HTTP_SERVER_VARS['QUERY_STRING'];
$text = preg_replace("#php\&#si",'php?',$text);
echo('
tendomain.com'.$text.'>[Click vao day]
de vao dien dan.');
?>
* Lưu ý:
- Nếu đã có dòng RewriteEngine on trên file htaccess rồi thì không cần viết thêm.
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